Oops, there was an error sending your message. Like wild animals free to roam as they please, they are the property of no one.. There is a large difference in the rate of spread of the cone of depression (cone of influence) around a discharging well in an artesian groundwater reservoir (1965, S.W. A part of this load is supported by the sandstone aquifer and a part by the water, which is under artesian pressure and hence is pushing upward and downward Disputes regarding the terms of, or compliance with, a well sharing agreement are a purely civil matter between the parties to the agreement. A DUG WELL IS NOT TYPICALLY RECOMMENDED; however, in some instances a dug well can provide water where it is limited and a shallow aquifer is the only source. Our team of technicians are available for emergency service 365 days a year and our customer service line is open 24 hours a day to answer your questions. water, or not borne by the rock matrix. Figure 2 shows the differences between an artesian well and a flowing artesian well, as not all artesian wells A.A.C. such as through wells. Combining Foam & Fiber Insulation in Cathedral Ceiling (Flash & Batt). of water moves through each square foot of the aquiclude in a day or a month, it is obvious that the sum total of water added to the artesian aquifer this way must be astronomical. Ordinary springs occur where the ground surface drops below the water table. 2767; 42 United States Code 9601 through 9657. R12-15-850. This velocity indicates why recharge takes place slowly. When recharge equals or exceeds withdrawal, the water table will rise to or above its former level after pumping. WARNING Use caution, as potentially poisonous snakes also frequent springs in a search for water. These are rules that govern the location of new wells and replacement wells in new locations in Active Management Areas to prevent unreasonably increasing damage to surrounding land or other water users from the concentration of wells. Conventional wells are created by drilling or digging into an existing aquifer. is more permeable or because part of the confining bed is missing. However, unlike wells that are dug by hand or drilled deep into the ground, artesian wells may require less digging because of how close the groundwater is to the surface. In 1935,C.V. Theismade the firstquantitative determination of the amount of water given up from storage in artesian aquifers. The other two types of wells might work, but they run a higher chance of running dry or having harmful . The WQARF program is administered by ADEQ. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Irrigation authorities can be viewed using this map. Artesian Water "Artesian water" is water produced from an artesian well. What is the labour of cable stayed bridges? Theis defined the coefficient of storage as "the volume of water, measured in cubic feet, released from storage in each column of the aquifer having a base 1-foot square and a height equal to the thickness of the aquifer, when the water table or other Note that a very low barometric pressure of 28.70 allows the water to rise only less than 1-1/2 feet above the level of 29.80. This is a type of well normally associated with a site investigation or remedial action. recharge, infiltration should not occur. A drilled well can reach hundreds of feet into the ground until it reaches the water table, much deeper than a dug well or artesian well. ft.; and = porosity, as a decimal fraction. R12-15-801(6). If you have your own well, youll need to use a water filter to do the same. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Compaction of the water-producing Depending on the location and requirements of your project, Brewster Well Drilling can provide guidance and drilling services to ensure you have the water you require. A.R.S. A.R.S. Is the singer Avant and R Kelly brothers? An artesian well is formed when a layer of loose rock, gravel, or sand is sandwiched between two layers of solid rock. Poland Spring Origin, 100% Natural Spring Water. Even the product packaging is minimal with straightforward names that describe exactly what the product is without any extra fluff or deceptive details. 45-402(13). A.A.C. When you join you get additional benefits. A.R.S. If more water is discharged by natural plus artificial Pls mark as Brainliest (^-^) Materials. 45-402 (43). Greenwich,Monroe,New Canaan,New Fairfield, A.R.S. Stratford,Trumbull,Weston, When the water table is lowered for an extended period of time, the pore spaces are emptied of water long enough to permit the replacement of the water by grains of sand, silt, or clay. READING CHECK. What is. Phone: 902 866-0454 Fax: 902 866-3105 Free Call: 1 866 482-8880 emailProtector.addCloakedMailto("ep_15baedee", 1); P.O. Drilled wells can be drilled more than 1,000 feet deep. 45-2701(3). above land surface to which the water would rise when the wells were shut-in. level. 200. This is a well drilled in search of geophysical, mineralogical or geotechnical data. Mosman Well Works are experts that you can trust. The easiest way to visualize the effect of slow leakage through shale or clay is to think of the size of the area in which the aquiclude confines the aquifer. Oscar E. Meinzerwas the first to recognize and develop qualitatively thistheory of the compressibility and elasticity of artesian aquifers(1928, Compressibility and elasticity of artesian aquifer,Economic Geology23, no. A.R.S. A small spring may provide enough water to sustain a small area of lush growth. Environmental wells are permanent installations, as opposed to geotechnical or exploration boreholes that are drilled to obtain samples or information, and then are immediately abandoned. What Are the Pros and Cons of Artesian Wells? These are well construction or well abandonment requirements or standards that exceed the minimum well construction requirements provided under A.A.C. Please enter your email address. Additionally because the water is stored deep below ground a drilled artesian well will be free from bacteria and the quality is generally better than a dug well. Counts and E. Donsky, Saltwater Encroachment Geology The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Join now! top of the aquifer supports a load of rock equal to about 520 lbs. In some cases, the pressure is strong enough for the water to reach the surface. 45-402(8). May require fewer mechanical parts to be installed and maintained. Once a potential trouble area is identified, steps should be taken to properly manage the region's groundwater supply. As Asians raised in western societies, the Off the Great Wall team compares and contrasts the standards and stereotypes . It is dug or drilled wherever a gently dipping, permeable rock layer (such as sandstone) receives water along its outcrop at a level higher than the level of the surface of the ground at the well site. These locations typically are either active duty military bases or bases being closed under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) regulations, as well as formerly used defense sites that are eligible for funding under the Installation Restoration Program as overseen by Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). A confining bed with negligible permeability must exist over the aquifer for this to occur. With experience, technology and a focus on customer service, our team of drilling experts is here to support your next project from planning to completion. A well that penetrates an artesian aquifer. 5 Which is better the ordinary or the ordinary zinc? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Artesian water is a specific type of spring water that flows freely from underground wells. Industriel Sherbrooke, Qubec, J1R 0P4 Phone. forcing pressurized water or air down the well. What is the tolerance for compression test results of concrete, according to the standards? There are many differences between Eastern and Western beauty standards. When the water is removed, the formation collapses. 200. Examples include dairy farms and golf courses. A naturally occurring geologic unit through or into which a well is drilled, having a composition, density, and thickness which will provide a natural hydrologic barrier. Serving all of Litchfield, Fairfield, and New Haven counties - View Service Areas. 1 Answer. Stock watering means the watering of livestock, range livestock, or poultry, as such terms are defined in section 3-1201. For existing wells, the registration is assigned when the Late Registration form is received. In an INA, only land that has an irrigation authority can be irrigated. An underground formation capable of yielding or transmitting usable quantities of water. In the early history of Contact us or call 902-866-0454 today to learn more about well installation. R12-15-816(G). A.A.C. The time of the day just before sunrise is known as (a) twilight(b) dawn(c) dark(d) midnight 5. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In humid areas, a great deal of water is discharged naturally from artesian aquifers to springs and streams. Compare the rock layers in an artesian formation with those in an ordinary aquifer. Some water, which is thereby released from artesian storage, moves toward and out of the well. the well tapping the shallow aquifer, and consequently no net change in water level occurs. Further, some gas is released from solution as the pressure decreases and this serves Having the proper components will increase the longevity of your system immensely. Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF], Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results, 16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage, Exploring the Impact of Construction Robots on the Industry, How to Maintain a Brick Chimney for Maximum Efficiency, A Shining Future: The Benefits of Solar Energy, What You Should Know Before Installing Mud Flooring. aquifer is under pressure exceeding that of atmospheric pressure. His example using heat conduction allowed the development of a mathematical theory that led to In dry regions such wells were operated at nearly constant drawdowns and as head diminished so did the discharge. R12-15-801(18). an arid region is so small as to be immeasurable. Did you know there are different kinds of wells? These types of springs seem to defy gravity but in reality, the water is being forced out by the pressure that has built between two impermeable surfaces. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? They use rotary drill bits that chew away at the rock, percussion bits that smash the rock, or, if the ground is soft, large auger bits may be used. What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils? the amount of withdrawal, and developing systems to encourage recharge. (True or false) True. Where water is removed from fractures and joints, the weight of the This water is readily available and can be easily drawn out through pipes and does not need any pumping or external force. Some machines are so well designed that they can produce Oriental rugs indistinguishable from old-world antique area rugs. An artesian spring occurs where groundwater flows to the surface through natural cracks in the . 2009-2021 The Constructor. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ADWR maintains a registry, it does not certify legal well ownership. Unlike traditional wells, artesian wells don't require a pump to extract water from underground. This is a geographical area which has been designated pursuant to [A.R.S. From here, each quadrant is subdivided into Townships (capital T). An Artesian well is a deep drilled well through which water is forced upward under pressure. A.R.S. (D) People at home keep asking me, "Is it hard to learn Chinese? Stamford, A gravity well or gravitational well is a conceptual model of the gravitational field surrounding a body in space - the more massive the body, the deeper and more extensive the gravity well associated with it. When more and more water accumulates the pressure builds up and forces the trapped water to come out to the surface. Artesian well is when the rate of recharge is high enough, the pressurized water in a well drilled into an artesian aquifer can spurt above the surface in form of a fountain. A map of the INAs and their boundaries can be viewed here. An artesian well is a well from which the water bubbles up naturally above the surface of the earth. This type of well is referred to simply as an artesian well. Bridgeport,Bristol,Brookfield,Danbury,Darien,Easton, Wells drilled for oil, gas or helium pursuant to the provisions of title 27 are not wells as defined by this chapter. Water quality information can be obtained from ADEQs Water Quality Division Website. to increase the cloudiness of the water. In an unconfined (water table) aquifer, a large volume of water drains slowly by gravity from the sediment within the spreading cone. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. [/tex]. A drilled well can reach hundreds of feet into the ground until it reaches the water table, much deeper than a dug well or artesian well. Wenzel(1942, Methods for Determining Permeability of Water-Bearing Materials, with Fine-grained and nearly impermeableshalesandclays(aquicludes) of great thickness and areal extent are common elements ofall artesian basins in the United States. Water whose chemical, physical, biological, or radiological integrity has been degraded through the artificial or natural infusion of chemicals, radionuclides, heat, biological organisms, or mineralogical or other extraneous matter. Ordinary well is wells that at dug or drilled below the water table . Should I Repair or Replace an Older Tile Roof? R12-15-801(23). This happens because the formations become compacted as the volume of groundwater is withdrawn, leaving empty space that is closed by the settling action of the heavy overburden. the outcrops. This is a permit issued to withdraw groundwater in an AMA for a specific use that is authorized under A.R.S. If you are interested in getting a well installed for your home, look no further than the specialists at Brewster Well Drilling. What is error code E01-5 on Toyota forklift. For a new well, the registration number is assigned when the Notice of Intent to Drill or Application for a Permit to Drill is received by the Department. Depending on the location and requirements of your project, Brewster Well Drilling can provide guidance and drilling services to ensure you have the water you require. Some wells having small heads and flows were allowed to flow into well is a hole dug in the ground to obtain the subsoil water. A.R.S. What makes an ordinary skin care product ordinary? Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge? VOSS Still Water Premium Naturally Pure Water. surface, which is found in some literature. Canada. Read more about land subsidence here. Select a countryland IslandsAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelauBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBonaire, Saint Eustatius and SabaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBritish Virgin IslandsBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombiaComorosCongo (Brazzaville)Congo (Kinshasa)Cook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuraaoCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsle of ManIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacao S.A.R., ChinaMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNetherlands AntillesNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorwayOmanPakistanPalestinian TerritoryPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalQatarRepublic of IrelandReunionRomaniaRussiaRwandaSo Tom and PrncipeSaint BarthlemySaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Martin (Dutch part)Saint Martin (French part)Saint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSan MarinoSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia/Sandwich IslandsSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom (UK)United States (US)UruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVaticanVenezuelaVietnamWallis and FutunaWestern SaharaWestern SamoaYemenZambiaZimbabwe, By registering, you agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy .*. The term potentiometric surface means head- or potential-indicating surface and is preferable to the term piezometric For most artesian aquifers, the values range from 10-6to about 10-3. By the same token, the length of time in transit is a factor He has worked as a teacher, tutor, and administrator in both public and private schools, and he currently serves as the dean of admissions at a prestigious university. Subsidence is greater in formations with high clay content because clay is highly compressible. So an Artesian well is when you dig underground, but you don't have to pump up the water. R12-15-801(15). Travis Thornton is an education expert who has dedicated his life to helping students achieve their academic goals. A.R.S. If production wells extend below thick formations that have become compacted, the bottom of the casing will remain stationary while the overlying material settles downward. This comes from the German word ' springer ,' which means 'to leap from the ground.'. Travis is also a father of three young children, and he loves spending time with his family. Water present in the well several hundred meters and electric motor pump the water into the surface. Water Science School HOME Groundwater topics Because the water is surrounded by non-permeable rock, it has nowhere to go but up towards the surface. If youre wondering which type of water to choose, rest assured that both are excellent choices. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. A.A.C. 45-454(B2). Over An artesian well is a well that brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock and/or sediment known as an aquifer. Because the source water is near surface these wells are typically more prone to bacteria and the available water can be greatly reduced by seasonal fluctuations. Each 640-acre section is then divided into four 160-acre quarters. A.R.S. A leap year has ______ days (a) 364(b) 366(c) 365(d) 3004. Take a look at our service areas using the map to the right to see if you are eligible to take advantage of our services! The Superfund program develops remedial actions that assure the protection of public health and welfare and the environment. Neither ADWR, or any other state agency, has authority to enforce or regulate well sharing agreements, nor may any state agency adjudicate disputes over well sharing agreements or provide legal advice to any party to a well sharing agreement. Typically screens are used to filter sand and gravel deposits in quaternary formations whereas most bedrock wells remain stable without the use of screens. Subsidenceis thelowering of ground level, andcan occur anywhere for a variety of reasons. Upon receipt of an application to drill a new non-exempt well within an AMA, a hydrologic study (impact analysis) will be conducted by hydrology staff to confirm it meets well spacing and well impact rules pursuant to A.R.S. Sign up to get breaking news and information about Arizonas water industry! Two ways that freshwater supplies Can be maintain 1. This enables us to conclude that artesian aquifers are not only recharged through their outcrop areas, but also through their confining beds. Groundwater rights can be viewed using this map. Water can also be forced out due to pressure from adjacent rocks. Artesian aquifers are confined aquifers that hold groundwater underground using pressure. A.A.C. A pump is usually installed as well so that water can be pushed up toward the surface. This is indeed being done in many parts of the arid West. Days and nights are of equal duration on these days (a) Solstices(b) Equinoxes(c) Both of them (d) None of them 3. Well water is collected after drilling a hole into the ground while spring water systems are supplied by water above ground that flows constantly via springs, creeks or rivers. Depending on where your well is located and the height of the piezometric water level will determine if your artesian well flows or not. and Ground Water Resources of Savannah area, Georgia and South Carolina, USGS Water-Supply Paper 1611). These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Pressure may not be consistent or provide enough water. today. When sourced and stored safely, spring water is typically the healthiest option. in. . Artesian well: When the well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water in the well reach over the water table but not on the surface of the earth. Artesian well is when the rate of recharge is high enough, the pressurized water in a well drilled into an artesian aquifer can spurt above the surface in form of a fountain. Over pumping of groundwater can form a cone of depression around a well. A.A.C. 45-453. A list of licensed well drillers can be found here. The well driller report and well log are required by A.R.S. formation and overlying formations results in permanent reduction of the groundwater storage capacity of a region. Flowing Well: When a well is excavated in the confined aquifer, and the water is flowing over the well or on the surface of well. So, in many cases, the maximum amount of drawdown which has occurred since development cannot be computed. The loose gravel or sand has spaces to hold the water. Fairfield, A.A.C. 45-341 to 343. The number, size, and types of pumps you may need for your well. [] It is not full of chemicals or pollutants like chlorine. This is a well having a pump with a maximum capacity of not more than thirty-five gallons per minute which is used to withdraw groundwater pursuant to A.R.S. In dry areas, the upward escape of water is not noticeable because the rates of evaporation are so high that rock and sediment surfaces are kept dry most of the time. A typical township in the United States consists of 36 square miles and contains more than a regions. We stand by our work and no job is too challenging for our team. Sometimes interformation leakage occurs from below the confining bed where the aquiclude When such zones are penetrated by wells, the water rises above the point at which it was first found becausea confined Naugatuck, The settling or lowering of the surface of land which results from the withdrawal of groundwater. The velocity of water moving through a permeable artesian sandstone is very slow. A.R.S. On the contrary, not controlling the flow of the water is what can cause the well to dry. Smartwater vapor distilled premium water bottles. A specialty well is usually designed and constructed for a specific purpose other than to withdraw water, or to provide samples or monitoring data. At Northeast Water Wells, we specialize in drilled wells because they offer the best consistency. Designed by Bayshore Web Design. Thepotentiometric surface is an imaginary surface above the aquifer, to which water from an artesian aquifer would rise in a pipe. 45-454(M1). R12-15-801(3). This is any well, including a recovery well, that does not qualify as an exempt well or a replacement well. From the surface of the. A.R.S. 45-595(B). ADWR well construction standards require a surface seal consisting of a minimum of 20 feet of steel casing with a 1-foot stickup. The release of water from artesian storage differs significantly from the way water is released in an unconfined aquifer. , (a) 147.3 million km(b) 145 million km(c) 150 million km(d) 155 million km2. An artesian well is a water well that doesn't require a pump to bring water to the surface; this occurs when there is enough pressure in the aquifer. What is the difference between ordinary springs and artesian springs? A well driller report must be filed by the well driller within 30 days of the completion of a well and must describe the "as built" well construction information and provide a well log of the well. Not only has how modern Oriental rugs are made changed, so have the materials. According to this article, Fiji water is artesian water. When the landowner or well owner changes a 55-71A Request to Change Well Information formmust be filed so that the well record remains current and accurate. The Ordinary Niacinamide + Zinc is a high-strength vitamin and mineral blemish formula that combines 10% niacinamide with 1% of the zinc salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA). The most famous examples are in the Middle East and in Mexico, where they can be up to 1,000 feet deep. An area which, as nearly as known facts permit as determined by the director pursuant to this chapter, may be designated so as to enclose a relatively hydrologically distinct body or related bodies of groundwater, which shall be described horizontally by surface description. A.A.C. thus releases more water from storage. This is a geographical area which has been designated pursuant to [A.R.S. An aquifer which is overlain by a confining formation and which contains groundwater under sufficient pressure for the water to rise above the top of the aquifer. Types of Wells Consider the differences between artesian and traditional wells: Drilled Artesian Wells - Artesian wells are drilled deep into bedrock or quaternary aquifers. It must be noted, however, that noticeable effects on artesian wells from changes in barometric pressure are rare. By using amodification of Darcy's law developed by prominent hydrologist L.K. Conservation 2. Typically these wells use a steel casing to case off overburden soils and incompetent rock. Hamden,New Haven, Bethel, 1A flow of water which emerges from an underground source; a spring; a spring head. Artesian water is a specific type of free-flowing, spring water that comes from underground wells. consisting of shale with negligible permeability. What are the different types of handrails used in bridges. : 819 566-5552 Toll free : 1 800 565-0531 emailProtector.addCloakedMailto("ep_c3a375e8", 0); Types of Wells: Artesian and Traditional Wells, 2019 Brewster Well Drilling. 45-591.01. An artesian well is just a well drilled through impermeable rock to reach an aquifer. The Superfund program develops remedial actions that assure the protection of public health and welfare and the environment. A.A.C. The tubing or pipe installed in the borehole during or after drilling to support the sides of the well and prevent caving. a period of several years, the total rate of natural discharge by upward movement of the groundwater from the artesian system is equal to the aggregate rate of recharge except for the water that is discharged from wells. Water that moves through artesian aquifers isdischarged upward through areas of the overlying confining bed that are relatively permeable. Consequently, the water level in the well tapping confined groundwater is depressed an amount equal to the difference between the barometric pressure change and the portion of that change which is borne by the confined Ordinary well is wells that at dug or drilled below the water table . The construction or repair of a well, or the modification, except for abandonment, of a well, regardless of whether compensation is involved, including any deepening or additional perforating, any addition of casing or change to existing casing construction, and any other change in well construction not normally associated with well maintenance, pump replacement, or pump repair. Groundwater withdrawn from outside AMA and INA boundaries can be restricted in terms of its transportation between groundwater basins but is generally subject only to the requirement for reasonable and beneficial use. A.R.S. This refers to a rectangular coordinate system that is used to map much of Arizona. Fortunately, The Ordinary has a better solution. 45-605(E) and A.A.C. It can cause a serious issue on the overlying aquifer plus the surface water.
Michael Smith Chef Restaurant,
What Shops Are Open At Crown Point Leeds,
Articles D