Kase sought to return the practice of Shotokan Karate to its martial roots, reintroducing amongst other things open hand and throwing techniques that had been side lined as the result of competition rules introduced by the JKA. I hope you find something interesting reading this brief history of karate. In simplistic terms, you can say that Karate is a fusion of Kung Fu and Okinawan martial arts with some Japanese flair. [3] A karate practitioner is called a karateka (). Legend has it that Bodhidharma (known as Dhamo in China and Japan) was born a prince but gave up his title and dedicated his life to being a monk. Thus the word "karate" was originally a way of expressing "martial art from China.". Keinosuke Enoeda came to England at the same time as Kanazawa, teaching at a dj in Liverpool. Rest assured that you are joining a long history of martial arts tradition when you put on your Karate gi and tie your belt. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Jigoro Kano (1860-1938), the Judo founder, created the belt system for Judo in around 1883 based on a ranking system used in a popular competitive sport in Japan called Go to match competitors of similar skills. They decided to call their art "karate" written in Japanese characters as "" (empty hand).[19]. Karate's Origin So, where did karate originate? Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Karate is now predominantly a striking art using punching, kicking, knee . In sporting karate and sparring (kumite) in training, blows and kicks are stopped short, preferably within an inch of contact. One surviving example is the Motobu-ry school passed down from the Motobu family by Seikichi Uehara. It is clear that those who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon themselves. Their Samurai overlords most certainly would not allow them to carry weapons, though the use of some weapons has crept in over the years. We hope you have appreciated learning this information about Karates origin. During this time period, prominent teachers who also influenced the spread of karate in Japan included Kenwa Mabuni, Chjun Miyagi, Chki Motobu, Kanken Tyama, and Kanbun Uechi. Despite the early adoption of Shotokan in the UK, it was not until 1964 that JKA Shotokan officially came to the UK. The Liverpool branch was based at Harold House Jewish Boys Club in Chatham Street before relocating to the YMCA in Everton where it became known as the Red Triangle. The first documented use of a homophone of the logogram pronounced kara by replacing the Chinese character meaning "Tang Dynasty" with the character meaning "empty" took place in Karate Kumite written in August 1905 by Chmo Hanashiro (18691945). Communist karate: Why was it more brutal and bloody than the original? Karate () (/krti/; Japanese pronunciation:[kaate] (listen); Okinawan pronunciation: [kaati]) is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. The aim of this group was to follow the teachings of Taiji Kase, formerly the JKA chief instructor in Europe, who along with Hiroshi Shirai created the World Shotokan Karate-do Academy (WKSA), in 1989 in order to pursue the teaching of "Budo" karate as opposed to what he viewed as "sport karate". In 1945, Robert Trias opened the first dj in the United States in Phoenix, Arizona, a Shuri-ry karate dj. For example, according to historical records, in 1683, a Chinese delegate named Wanshu stayed in an Okinawan village called Tomari and taught the villagers a Chinese Kempo kata. Karate spread rapidly in the West through popular culture. Hiroshi Shirai, one of the original instructors sent by the JKA to Europe along with Kase, Enoeda and Kanazawa, moved to Italy in 1965 and quickly established a Shotokan enclave that spawned several instructors who in their turn soon spread the style all over the country. Karate is believed to have evolved from ti, and its centuries-long evolution likely began when trade was established with China, and martial arts from across Southeast Asia were introduced to Okinawa. In 1879, the Meji government annexed the Ryukyu kingdom and the whole Ryukyu kingdom officially became a Japanese prefecture. Martial arts often had to be practiced in secret there, which made any outward acknowledgement of a martial artist's accomplishments unwise and almost impossible. Collectively, they were generally referred to as Todei meaning Chinese hand or Karate. Tsutomu Ohshima began studying karate under Shotokan's founder, Gichin Funakoshi, while a student at Waseda University, beginning in 1948. They met at dawn in a field outside the village where they lived. . In 1961, Edward Ainsworth, another blackbelt Judoka, set up the first Karate study group in Ayrshire, Scotland having attended Bell's third 'Karate Summer School' in 1961.[76]. To protect these ships from pirates, crew, and delegates were well-armed and trained in martial arts. The original use of the word "karate" in print is attributed to Ank Itosu; he wrote it as "". The trouble, however, is that Chan is a master of kung fu, a Chinese martial art, not karate, which originates from Japan. The year 1340 was the beginning of a long relationship between Okinawa and Ming Dynasty China that lasted around five hundred years. Finally, advanced students will be taught techniques to defend themselves without using weapons like locking, gripping, and throwing. It implies that these arts are not just fighting systems but contain spiritual elements when promoted as disciplines. Kenpo Karate Guide. The d suffix implies that karated is a path to self-knowledge, not just a study of the technical aspects of fighting. [30] All practices vary depending upon the school and the teacher. While there, I trained for and earned my 1st degree Black Belt in Tae Kwon Do at the Bonney Lake College of Martial Arts. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Karate blocking techniques are also found in some Babylonian artworks dating back 3000 to 2000 B.C. [23] He created the ping'an forms ("heian" or "pinan" in Japanese) which are simplified kata for beginning students. Bell had been corresponding with the JKA in Tokyo asking for his grades to be ratified in Shotokan having apparently learnt that Murakami was not a designated representative of the JKA. Modern Karate is solidly Japanese. Train hard, take care, and thank you so much for being here! The modernization and systemization of karate in Japan also included the adoption of the white uniform that consisted of the kimono and the dogi or keikogimostly called just karategiand coloured belt ranks. Some might even wonder how similar modern-day Karate is to the original Okinawan martial arts used during the Ryukyu Kingdom. Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karate's many lessons. Okinawan karate uses supplementary training known as hojo undo. [79] By the 1970s, martial arts films (especially kung fu films and Bruce Lee flicks from Hong Kong) had formed a mainstream genre and launched the "kung fu craze" which propelled karate and other Asian martial arts into mass popularity. [18], In 1933, the Okinawan art of karate was recognized as a Japanese martial art by the Japanese Martial Arts Committee known as the "Butoku Kai". To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level. As well see in a minute, the style was probably developed by poor peasants looking for a way to defend themselves. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Karate was practised quietly without a large amount of organization. This is done by listening and being receptive to criticism. Some Chinese artisans and monks who settled in Okinawa also taught Chinese Kempo to the villagers there. Funakoshi had trained in two of the popular branches of Okinawan karate of the time, Shorin-ry and Shrei-ry. It is thought that karate fighting principles were introduced to India through Turkey and were further developed into a much more sophisticated fighting art called Kalaripayattu. Okinawa was forced to become a puppet state of Japan under the rule of the Japanese Shogunate. The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used. One of the most popular forms of martial arts, Karate, is said to have originated on the island of Okinawa in Japan, thousands of years ago. Weapons are an important training activity in some styles of karate. Similarly, Karate also originated in an archipelago named Okinawa. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. These Masters maintained always a strong link between them, the JKA and the others JKA masters in the world, especially Hidetaka Nishiyama in the US. In 1609, the Satsuma clan of southern Japan invaded Okinawa and stormed Shuri. Different forms of tang hand evolved in Okinawa, and later the leader of one style, Gichin Funakoshi was invited to the Ministry of Education in Japan to give demonstrations. In 527 A.D, Bodhidharma (a Buddhist monk known by Daruma in Japanese) traveled from India to China's Henan Province to impart the teachings of Buddhism to the monks of the Shaolin Temple. This article is about the martial art. Shotokan. But again, how many peasants and farmers would have had the energy to do this? Updates? Ready to deepen your knowledge of Karate? Sparring matches are typically divided by weight, age, gender, and experience.[38]. Shintani and Otsuka visited each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in 1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death. Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of the Shotokan dj, opined that "the majority of followers of karate in overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques Movies and television depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow the mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing. Eventually, they created the martial art that we know today. Members of the Okinawan upper classes were sent to China regularly to study various political and practical disciplines. On the other hand, there is a different view of Karate 's origins which is that of the Japanese writer and historian, Kaneko Kentaro. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. [22] Matsumura's style would later become the Shrin-ry style. Soviet karate was also more bloody and brutal than elsewhere. Karate came to mainland Japan in the early 20th century during a time of migration as Ryukyuans, especially from Okinawa, looked for work in the main islands of Japan. . You can think of katas as a living library of techniques. The Karate Competition Area with Judges Zones, is an enlarged flat padded area that is used for Karate Competitions that involve seated judges. "[13] Shshin Nagamine said: "Karate may be considered as the conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be won only through self-discipline, hard training and one's own creative efforts."[14]. All are toughened by practice blows against padded surfaces or wood. The Chinese brought with them their own fighting style, Kung Fu, which is largely based on a fighting system that came from Ancient India and was developed in the Shaolin Temple. What is Karate? Won Kuk Lee, a Korean student of Funakoshi, founded the first martial arts school after the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in 1945, called the Chung Do Kwan. Karate began as a common fighting system known as te (Okinawan: ti) among the Pechin class of the Ryukyuans. We hope you'll find something here that is helpful to your karate journey. If you find our site useful, please consider sharing it with your fellow martial artists, we'll be very grateful. This was the first known recorded reference to the art of "Tudi," written as . The political centralization of Okinawa by King Sh Hashi in 1429 and the policy of banning weapons by King Sh Shin in 1477, later enforced in Okinawa after the invasion by the Shimazu clan in 1609, are also factors that furthered the development of unarmed combat techniques in Okinawa.[2]. He interpreted the "kara" of Karate-d to mean "to purge oneself of selfish and evil thoughts for only with a clear mind and conscience can the practitioner understand the knowledge which he receives." Various styles of karate are practiced in MMA: Lyoto Machida and John Makdessi practice Shotokan;[49] Bas Rutten and Georges St-Pierre train in Kyokushin;[50] Michelle Waterson holds a black belt in American Free Style Karate;[51] Stephen Thompson practices American Kenpo Karate;[52] and Robert Whittaker practices Gj-ry.[53]. The national WKF organizations coordinate with their respective National Olympic Committees. In 1966, members of the former British Karate Federation established the Karate Union of Great Britain (KUGB) under Hirokazu Kanazawa as chief instructor[77] and affiliated to JKA. Te was said to be practiced secretly amongst Pechin families and passed on from generation to generation within those families. Since there are no written records it is not known definitely whether the kara in karate was originally written with the character meaning China or the character meaning empty. It includes Japan's annexation of the Okinawan island group in 1872, the First Sino-Japanese War (18941895), the Russo-Japanese War (19041905), the annexation of Korea, and the rise of Japanese militarism (19051945). This article was most recently revised and updated by, World Shotokan Karate-do Federation Australia - History of Karate, karate - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). They spend hours practicing drills, striking padded surfaces and eventually wood to toughen the striking surfaces of their bodies, and practicing balance and coordination. "Karate-d Kyohan The Master Text" Tokyo. Kihon means basics and these form the base for everything else in the style including stances, strikes, punches, kicks and blocks. [16], Karate was originally written as "Chinese hand" (, literally "Tang dynasty hand") in kanji. Kihon may also be prearranged drills in smaller groups or in pairs. Regardless, someone kept the traditions alive and the martial art survived to eventually be formalized in the late 1700s. Yoseikan had been founded by Minoru Mochizuki, a master of multiple Japanese martial arts, who had studied Karate with Gichin Funakoshi, thus the Yoseikan style was heavily influenced by Shotokan. The Tang Dynasty of China ended in AD 907, but the kanji representing it remains in use in Japanese language referring to China generally, in such words as "" meaning Chinatown. Where did karate originate? He set out from South India to spread the philosophies of Buddhism and arrived in China around 520 A.D. and settled in a Shaolin monastery. [12] Karate schools (djs) began appearing around the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art. Hello! Wanshu kata is still practiced today as a kata of the Tomari-te style. Modern Karate is solidly Japanese. On 1 June 2016 the International Olympic Committee's executive board announced they were supporting the inclusion of all five sports (counting baseball and softball as only one sport) for inclusion in the 2020 Games. After Enoeda's death in 2003, the KUGB elected Andy Sherry as Chief Instructor. A kata in the Shuri-te style is named after this Kempo master. His students became some of the most well-known karate masters, including Gichin Funakoshi, Kenwa Mabuni, and Chki Motobu. The first Shotokan clubs were opened in Moscow's universities. My interest in martial arts, however, didnt wane. Requirements for examinations vary among schools. It is considered the mother of all martial arts and is believed to be one of the oldest surviving martial arts with over 3000 years of history. The argument is that contestants are practicing for defeat on the street. Indigenous martial arts of Ryukyu Islands, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Japanese martial arts Philosophical and strategic concepts, "Here's how US Marines brought karate back home after World War II", "Dr. Gary J. Krug: the Feet of the Master: Three Stages in the Appropriation of Okinawan Karate Into Anglo-American Culture", "International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF)", "Which Kind of Karate Has Olympic Chops? In the 1960s, Anthony Mirakian, Richard Kim, Teruyuki Okazaki, John Pachivas, Allen Steen, Gosei Yamaguchi (son of Ggen Yamaguchi), Michael G. Foster and Pat Burleson began teaching martial arts around the country.[67]. Where Was Karate Invented? Karate is divided into style organizations. Dan-grade karateka are referred to as yudansha (holders of dan/rank). Then, in 1939, Japan opened its first official Karate training school Shoto-Kan. Kind of. They included Chinese bureaucrats, scholars, and craftsmen who were highly educated and possessed a variety of skills, amongst them Chinese fighting arts which were passed on to the Okinawans. One known as the art of te was further developed and practiced by the members of the nobility. Body conditioning and the use of traditional training tools remain a big part of training. This will vary by school, but testing may include everything learned at that point, or just new information. Although the World Taekwondo Federation and International Taekwon-Do Federation are the most prominent among Korean martial arts organizations, tang soo do schools that teach Japanese karate still exist as they were originally conveyed to Won Kuk Lee and his contemporaries from Funakoshi. It is "The Way of the Empty Hand". At the age of 20 he went to Fuzhou in Fujian Province, China, to escape Japanese military conscription. Gichin Funakoshi was born circa 1868 in Shuri, Okinawa, Japan. In addition, a few Okinawan nobles also remained in China for extended periods of time and enrolled in schools to study Chinese Kempo. This utilizes simple equipment made of wood and stone. In contemporary times, however, it is more commonly associated with the martial art of Karate. [citation needed] Kase went to France, Enoeada to England and Shirai in Italy. During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadian families were moved to the interior of British Columbia. [20] Early styles of karate are often generalized as Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, named after the three cities from which they emerged. One story is that Funakoshi (the "father" of Modern Karate) learned Karate in Okinawa and was asked to deminstrate his ability in Japan and that evryone liked the deminstration so Funakoshi taught Karate to the Japanese. It was brought to Japan in the early 1900s where it was refined into the modern Karate that we see today. It was imported into Japan in the 1920s. Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps once in a lifetime. Since weapons were banned in Okinawa, the Okinawans developed strong hand-fighting techniques in order to defend themselves. Over time, three styles of karate emerged from three Okinawan villages called Naha-te, Shuri-te, and Tomari-te. [68] From 1910 until 1945, Korea was annexed by the Japanese Empire. Sport karate places emphasis on exercise and competition. The first form of karate originated around 500 years ago, on the Japanese island of Okinawa. Contestants are encouraged to pull their punches and matches are judged based on skill and technique. [65] In 1954, Tsuruoka initiated the first karate competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the National Karate Association. With roots in East Asia and Japan, modern Karate is now practiced all over the world. The fighting spirit of the individual is just as important as performing flawless techniques. Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training. Other internationally recognised styles include but are not limited to: Karate has grown in popularity in Africa, particularly in South Africa and Ghana. Okinawa is the birthplace of karate. The JKA obliged, and without enforcing a grading on Bell, ratified his black belt on 5 February 1964, though he had to relinquish his Yoseikan grade. The Empire of Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom in 1879. [52] Karate Kommandos is an animated children's show, with Chuck Norris appearing to reveal the moral lessons contained in every episode. karate, (Japanese: empty hand) unarmed martial-arts discipline employing kicking, striking, and defensive blocking with arms and legs. Hirokazu Kanazawa and Keinosuke Enoeda stayed and Murakami left (later re-emerging as a 5th Dan Shotokai under Harada).[76]. Normally, the first five to six dans are given by examination by superior dan holders, while the subsequent (7 and up) are honorary, given for special merits and/or age reached. Minimum age and time in rank are factors affecting promotion. Later, Funakoshi would train under Shorin-ryu master Anko Itosu. Japan officially recognized karate as a martial art only 86 years ago. Thus karated is more than just empty hand techniques. In 1477, King Sh Shin banned the use of weapons in Okinawa. Itosu is sometimes referred to as "the Grandfather of Modern Karate."[24]. According to some sources, in 1392, there were 36 Chinese families who migrated to Okinawa from Fujian province for the purpose of cultural and commercial exchange under orders from the Chinese government. Influenced by this practice, in recent times karate has begun to be written with the character to give it a sense of class or elegance. [6] In this era of escalating Japanese militarism,[7] the name was changed from ("Chinese hand" or "Tang hand")[8] to ("empty hand") both of which are pronounced karate in Japanese to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. He considered courtesy of prime importance. In 1966, he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation. Karate Competition Areas have a competition length and width of 26.25' (8 m) for a contest area of 689 ft . [1][2] Karate is now predominantly a striking art using punching, kicking, knee strikes, elbow strikes and open-hand techniques such as knife-hands, spear-hands and palm-heel strikes. As the story goes, this fed the interest in martial arts as people were looking for a weaponless way to defend themselves. As a result of king Sho Shins weapon ban, two schools of combats were born. [32] Shigeru Egami relates that, in 1940, some karateka were ousted from their dj because they adopted sparring after having learned it in Tokyo.[33]. It was practiced under great secrecy and passed down within known or trusted groups. Its hard to put an exact date on the invention of Karate. Many Chinese families came to Okinawa because of strong trade ties and brought Kung Fu with them. He taught that indecisiveness is a weakness. [74][75], In the 1950s and 1960s, several Japanese karate masters began to teach the art in Europe, but it was not until 1965 that the Japan Karate Association (JKA) sent to Europe four well-trained young Karate instructors Taiji Kase, Keinosuke Enoeda, Hirokazu Kanazawa and Hiroshi Shirai. The two styles were mixed together and there was little uniformity. Choi, a significant figure in taekwondo history, had also studied karate under Funakoshi. In 1950s popular fiction, karate was at times described to readers in near-mythical terms, and it was credible to show Western experts of unarmed combat as unaware of Eastern martial arts of this kind. Students will first learn physical exercises to strengthen the body and mind before proceeding to wooden weapons and then metallic weapons. Karate as we know it today originated from ancient fighting arts which began thousands of years ago. It was during this time that many of the Korean martial arts masters of the 20th century were exposed to Japanese karate. While we cant answer all the questions about Karates origins, we can answer a few. Although there isn't written evidence, many people believe Because of increasing Japanese influence, the label of te was eventually lengthened to karate-jutsu (Chinese hand art). 12 Most Common Boxing Injuries and How to Prevent Them, 10 Best Boxing Workouts for Beginners and Professionals, 10 Boxing Footwork Drills for Beginners and Advanced, Taekwondo Belt Order: Complete Belt Ranking System Guide, 7 Best Taekwondo Weapons (Sticks and Blades Galore), How to Choose the Right Punching Bag for Your Workout. Gichin Funakoshi ( ) said, "There are no contests in karate. On 28 September 2015 karate featured on a shortlist (along with baseball, softball, skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing) for consideration for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics. There isnt any single person who can be credited with the invention of Karate. Bogu kumite (full contact with protective shielding of targets) rules are used in the World Koshiki Karate-Do Federation organization. After a long break, I've recently returned to karate and now train in Goju Ryu style with my children, starting all over again from a white belt. The name Karate was chosen for the art in 1936 when Gichin Funakoshi brought the art to Japan. In 1959, he founded the Southern California Karate Association (SCKA) which was renamed Shotokan Karate of America (SKA) in 1969. WKF karate competition has two disciplines: sparring (kumite) and forms (kata). This is where stories emerge of people practicing at night where they were less likely to be seen. Itosu's influence in karate is broad. These masters taught Chinese Kempo to Okinawan noblemen. Eventually, original Korean forms were developed by individual schools and associations. [65], In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in Hamilton. He founded the first university karate club in the United States at California Institute of Technology in 1957. Karate continued to evolve, and as popularity spread to the west in the late 1960s and early 1970s as Japanese instructors moved overseas, an increasing sport element developed into the martial art we know today. It is understood that one blow from a real expert could mean death. It is also a mindset, a way of life. Shoto, meaning "pine wave", was Funakoshi's pen name and kan meaning "hall". Full contact karate has several variants. [28] Modern Japanese style training emphasizes the psychological elements incorporated into a proper kokoro (attitude) such as perseverance, fearlessness, virtue, and leadership skills. Katas are a predesigned set of movements that were largely used as a way to pass down knowledge before there were video cameras. There are many stories about where karate Originated from. Drawings of men in karate-like stances are found on the wall of an ancient Egyptian tomb dated around 5000 years ago. [34][38][40][41][42] Light contact rules are used by the WKF, WUKO, IASK and WKC. For example, some accounts say that peasants and farmers used martial arts to defend themselves when they were prohibited from carrying weapons. Much of the martial arts history is a mix of legend and fact due to the monks living on the run from the Manchu Government . On 19 July 1957, Vietnamese Hoang Nam 3rd Dan, billed as "Karate champion of Indo China", was invited to teach by Bell at Maybush Road, but the first instructor from Japan was Tetsuji Murakami (19271987) a 3rd Dan Yoseikan under Minoru Mochizuki and 1st Dan of the JKA, who arrived in England in July 1959. This was the beginning of the Okinawan martial art known as te. He promoted the character trait of personal conviction. However, unlike MMA where fights can sometimes turn brutal, Kumite is a bit more civilized. WKF only allows membership through one national organization/federation per country to which clubs may join. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called te (), "hand"; tii in Okinawan) under the influence of Chinese martial arts, particularly Fujian White Crane. Karate evolved in East Asia over a period of centuries, becoming systematized in Okinawa in the 17th century, probably by people forbidden to carry weapons. 1936 Before 1936, karate was written as meaning Chinese hand. Full contact karate rules used by Kyokushinkai, Seidokaikan and other organizations. Bell requested a visitation from JKA instructors and the next year Taiji Kase, Hirokazu Kanazawa, Keinosuke Enoeda and Hiroshi Shirai gave the first JKA demo at the old Kensington Town Hall on 21 April 1965. These were mostly political changes, rather than changes to the content of the forms, although Funakoshi did introduce some such changes. This was not when karate first began to be developed, however. Here Funakoshi changed the name from Te-do to Karate- Do. Evaluation for kata and kobud is performed by a panel of judges, whereas sparring is judged by a head referee, usually with assistant referees at the side of the sparring area. Though king Sho Nei kept his throne, the Satsuma clan took de facto control of the island. These postures are based on idealized combat applications. Like most martial arts practised in Japan, karate made its transition from -jutsu to -d around the beginning of the 20th century. After regaining independence from Japan, many Korean martial arts schools that opened up in the 1940s and 1950s were founded by masters who had trained in karate in Japan as part of their martial arts training. There are also many technical differences between traditional Okinawan karate and modern Japanese karate. Wishing to further spread karate in mainland Japan amid escalating military tension with China at the time, in 1936, the maters of various styles of Okinawan karate decided to change the name to (empty hand) both of which are pronounced karate in Japanese, 1945 Okinawa became an important US military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there. Chjun Miyagi taught such well-known karateka as Seko Higa (who also trained with Higaonna), Meitoku Yagi, Miyazato Ei'ichi, and Seikichi Toguchi, and for a very brief time near the end of his life, An'ichi Miyagi (a teacher claimed by Morio Higaonna). Due to the previous period of social and political instability in Okinawa, after King Sho Shin took reign in 1477, he passed a law to ban the carrying of swords by everyone, noble or peasant.
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